On-grid solar, also known as grid-tied solar or grid-connected solar, refers to a solar power system which is connected to the local electrical grid. It allows the photovoltaic system to generate electricity and supply it directly to the home or workplace while also being able to draw electricity from the grid when needed.

Here’s how an on-grid solar system generally works:

1. Solar Panels: The system consists of solar panels that capture sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity. These panels are usually installed on the roof or ground-mounted in an open area with maximum sun exposure.

2. Inverter: The DC electricity generated by solar panels is sent to an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) electricity. AC electricity is the standard form of electric power used in homes and businesses.

3. Electrical Load: The AC electricity produced by the inverter is then used to power all electrical loads within the premises, such as lights, appliances, and other devices. Solar energy is prioritized for consumption within the building, reducing reliance on the grid.

4. Grid Connection: The on-grid solar system is connected to the local electrical grid through a bi-directional meter. This meter measures the amount of electricity consumed by the grid and the surplus electricity feeds back to the grid.

5. Net Metering: In many regions, a net metered arrangement is in place. When the solar system generates more electricity than is actually consumed on-site, excess electricity is fed back into the grid. The bi-directional meter tracks this excess electricity, and the owner receives credits or a reduction in their electricity bill for the power exported to the grid.

6. Grid Backup: During periods when the solar system is not producing enough electricity, such as at night or on cloudy days, electricity can be drawn from the grid to meet demand. This ensures a continuous power supply, while maintaining the comfort as well as functionality of the building.

The benefits of on-grid solar systems include:

1. Reduced Electricity Bills: By generating your own electricity, you can offset a significant portion of your electricity consumption, leading to lower energy bills.

2. Environmental Sustainability: On-grid solar systems help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing clean and renewable energy sources.

3. Return on Investment: Depending on factors like local electricity rates and available incentives, on-grid solar systems can offer a reasonable return on investment over their lifespan.

4. Grid Stability: On-grid solar systems contribute to grid stability by reducing the strain on the electrical grid during peak demand periods.

It is to be noted that on-grid solar systems do not provide backup power during grid outages. If an uninterrupted power supply is desired, a battery storage system or a hybrid solar system that combines solar panels, an inverter, and energy storage can be considered.