On-grid solar systems are photovoltaic (PV) systems connected directly to the utility grid. They generate electricity for immediate use and allow excess energy to be exported to the grid. Consumers receive credits for the surplus through a net-metering mechanism, which offsets their electricity bills.

Relevance of On-Grid Solar in Kerala

1. Kerala’s Dependence on Power Imports

Kerala generates only around 30% of its electricity needs locally and imports the rest from neighboring states.

This dependency increases costs and vulnerability to supply disruptions.

On-grid solar can reduce reliance on outside power, ensuring better energy security.

2. Growing energy demand

The state’s energy demand has been rising, with residential, agricultural, and industrial consumption contributing significantly. On-grid solar can help meet this demand, especially during peak daylight hours, while reducing stress on the grid.

3. Government Policies and Incentives

The Kerala government, through initiatives like the Soura Program, is actively promoting grid-connected solar systems. Under this scheme, the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) aims to achieve 1,000 MW of solar capacity by 2025, focusing on on-grid rooftop installations.

4. Ideal for Kerala’s Geographical and Climatic Conditions

Kerala receives an average solar radiation of 5.6 kWh/m²/day, especially during non-monsoon months, making on-grid systems highly viable. The state’s dense population and limited land availability make rooftop on-grid solar systems an excellent choice.

5. Financial and economic benefits

Reduced Electricity Bills: On-grid systems lower bills by offsetting consumption with self-generated power.

No Need for Batteries: Unlike off-grid systems, on-grid solar doesn’t require expensive battery storage, reducing the overall system cost.

Return on Investment: Households and businesses can recover installation costs within 5 to 7 years through savings and government subsidies.

6. Environmental impact

Kerala is highly vulnerable to climate change effects like floods and rising sea levels.

Shifting to on-grid solar reduces carbon footprint by replacing fossil fuel-based electricity with clean, renewable energy.

7. Decentralized power generation

On-grid solar promotes distributed energy production, reducing transmission losses and enhancing grid efficiency.

It can also help mitigate grid failures during high-demand periods by feeding surplus solar power back into the grid.

Challenges in Implementing On-Grid Solar in Kerala

1. Seasonal variability.

Kerala experiences heavy monsoons, reducing solar output for months.

Solution: Integrate solar with other renewable sources like wind or hydropower.

2. Limited awareness

Many potential users are unaware of both financial and environmental benefits of on-grid solar.

Solution: Conduct widespread awareness campaigns and training programs.

3. Upfront costs

While costs have dropped, the initial cost can still deter households and small businesses.

Solution: Provide easy financing options and expand subsidies under government schemes.

4. the grid infrastructure

Integrating a large number of on-grid systems requires a robust grid capable of managing bi-directional energy flow.

Solution: Upgrade grid infrastructure to handle solar energy integration efficiently.

On-grid solar is highly relevant to Kerala’s energy scenario, addressing the twin challenges of energy security and environmental sustainability. With abundant sunlight, supportive government policies, and increasing energy needs, on-grid solar systems offer a practical and scalable solution. By promoting its adoption at residential, commercial, and industrial levels, Kerala can move closer to its renewable energy goals and reduce dependence on external power sources.